Objective: Regular physical activity plays an important role in the amelioration of several mental health disorders; however its relationship with burnout has not yet been clarified. The objective was to determine the association between achievement of national physical activity guidelines and burnout in internal medicine resident physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey of internal medicine resident physicians at the University of Minnesota and Hennepin County Medical Center was conducted from September to October 2012. The survey measures included the Maslach Burnout Inventory as well as the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Of 149 eligible residents, 76 (51.0%) completed surveys. Burnout prevalence was 53.9%. Prevalence of failure to achieve physical activity guidelines was 40.8%, with 80% of residents reporting that their level of physical activity has decreased since beginning medical training. Residents who failed to meet physical activity guidelines were more likely to be burned out than their fellow residents (67.7% vs. 44.4%, p=0.045). Burned out residents had a higher BMI (p=0.040), and reported more hours worked per week (p=0.043). Residents who were unable to meet physical activity guidelines reported more hours worked per week (p=0.025). Conclusion: Despite potentially serious consequences of burnout, understanding of its relationship with physical activity in resident physicians is lacking. Though limitations of this cross-sectional study are recognized, among internal medicine resident physicians, achievement of national physical activity guidelines appears to be inversely associated with burnout. Given the high national prevalence of burnout and inactivity, further investigation into their relationship appears warranted.